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Table 2 Unadjusted associations of QoL in Black women

From: Racial differences in lifestyle, demographic, and health factors associated with quality of life (QoL) in midlife women

  Black  
Risk Factor lowQOL, N = 221 midQOL, N = 411 highQOL, N = 781 p-value2
Age Group
 45–49 19 (86%) 25 (61%) 52 (67%) 0.11
 50–54 3 (14%) 16 (39%) 26 (33%)
Education Level
 Graduated college 7 (32%) 23 (56%) 32 (41%) 0.13
 Did not graduate college 15 (68%) 18 (44%) 46 (59%)
Income Level
 High Income 4 (18%) 12 (29%) 39 (50%) < 0.001
 Low Income 11 (50%) 6 (15%) 17 (22%)
 Middle Income 7 (32%) 23 (56%) 22 (28%)
BMI Status
 obese BMI of 30 or greater 14 (64%) 28 (68%) 41 (53%) 0.2
 overweight BMI of 25–29.9 5 (23%) 12 (29%) 25 (32%)
 normal BMI of 18.5–24.9 3 (14%) 1 (2.4%) 12 (15%)
Marital Status
 Married 3 (14%) 16 (39%) 46 (59%) 0.001
 Single 11 (50%) 18 (44%) 19 (24%)
 Widowed/Divorced/Separated 8 (36%) 7 (17%) 13 (17%)
Smoking Status
 Current 8 (36%) 8 (20%) 10 (13%) 0.053
 Former/Never 14 (64%) 33 (80%) 68 (87%)
Drinker 16 (73%) 30 (73%) 51 (65%) 0.6
Employment Status
 Employed 14 (64%) 33 (80%) 67 (86%) 0.067
 Unemployed 8 (36%) 8 (20%) 11 (14%)
Menopausal Status
 Peri-menopause 7 (32%) 17 (41%) 35 (45%) 0.5
 Pre-menopause 15 (68%) 24 (59%) 43 (55%)
Experienced Hot flashes
 Yes 13 (59%) 20 (49%) 34 (44%) 0.4
 No/Don’t Know 9 (41%) 21 (51%) 44 (56%)
No. of Comorbidities
 0–2 9 (41%) 14 (34%) 24 (31%) 0.2
 3–4 3 (14%) 13 (32%) 33 (42%)
 5 or more 10 (45%) 14 (34%) 21 (27%)
CES-D > =16 12 (55%) 11 (27%) 9 (12%) < 0.001
Hormone Replacement Therapy Use 0 (0%) 1 (2.4%) 1 (1.3%) > 0.9
Ever Pregnant 20 (91%) 38 (93%) 75 (96%) 0.4
Sleep Disturbances
  > 5 times per month 6 (27%) 6 (15%) 13 (17%) 0.7
 0–4/mon 11 (50%) 25 (61%) 50 (64%)
 2–4 times per month 5 (23%) 10 (24%) 15 (19%)
Sexually Active 14 (64%) 29 (71%) 66 (85%) 0.055
  1. 1Statistics presented: n (%)
  2. 2Statistical tests performed: chi-square test of independence; Fisher’s exact test
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Women's Midlife Health

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